My Gardening Journey

Not long ago there was confirmed outbreak of bird flu close to home and we were placed in a Protection Zone. Since then it has spread to the rest of the country. This means strict measures are in place to control the disease. These measures aim to prevent its spread. As keepers of small flocks, we must understand the legal requirements, know the biosecurity measures and be prepared for what to do if you suspect bird flu in your chickens. This guide will walk you through the rules, responsibilities, and best practices to keep your flock safe and compliant.

What Is Bird Flu (Avian Influenza)?

Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects poultry and other birds. It spreads through:

• Direct contact with infected birds.
• Contaminated equipment, feed, and water.
• Wild birds carrying the virus, especially through droppings.

Why Is Bird Flu a Risk to Small Flocks on Small Holdings, Back Gardens, and Allotments?

Many small flock keepers believe their birds are less at risk due to their smaller numbers or isolated locations. However, this is not the case. Bird flu remains a significant threat to smallholdings, back garden flocks, and allotments for several reasons:

• Wild Bird Contact: Free-ranging flocks or those without proper protection face higher exposure risks. They are more likely to encounter wild birds carrying the virus.
• Limited Biosecurity: Small flock keepers may not implement the rigorous biosecurity measures seen on commercial farms.
• Shared Equipment: Tools, feed, or bedding shared between flocks or allotment neighbours can become contaminated.
• Human Movement: Keepers or visitors transferring contaminated clothing, shoes, or equipment can introduce the virus to flocks.

The virus does not discriminate between flock sizes, and even small infections can have devastating consequences. By following strict biosecurity measures and housing birds appropriately, small flock keepers can reduce their risks significantly.

There are two types of bird flu:

• Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI): A severe form that spreads rapidly and often causes high mortality.
• Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI): A milder form but can mutate into HPAI.

The UK Government and the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) enforce strict measures to contain avian influenza outbreaks. They aim to reduce risks to commercial and backyard poultry keepers.

The Role of APHA and Bird Flu Zones

When avian influenza is detected, the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) takes action to control the outbreak. They establish disease control zones to monitor and limit the spread:

1. Protection Zone (PZ):
   • Radius: 3 km around an infected premises.
   • Measures: Increased biosecurity measures, mandatory housing of birds, and restrictions on the movement of poultry, eggs, and equipment.
2. Surveillance Zone (SZ):
   • Radius: Extends to 10 km beyond the Protection Zone.
   • Measures: Surveillance of flocks and similar restrictions but slightly less stringent.

To check if you are in a Protection Zone:

• You may receive a text message alert from DEFRA or local authorities if you are registered as a poultry keeper.
• Check the Avian Influenza Interactive Map on the GOV.UK website.
• If you have registered your flock, you will receive a text message informing you of areas affected by bird flu restrictions.

For more information, visit the GOV.UK Avian Influenza page.

Legal Requirements in a Protection Zone

If you are in a Protection Zone, the following legal rules apply:

1. Bird Housing: All poultry must be kept indoors or in a fully netted enclosure to prevent contact with wild birds. If possible, cover the run to stop bird droppings to get into the enclosure. At a minimum, make sure your chicken’s food and water is under cover.
2. Movement Restrictions: Movement of poultry, eggs, or bedding is prohibited without a DEFRA licence.
3. Biosecurity: Strict biosecurity measures must be implemented (detailed below).
4. Record Keeping: Maintain detailed records of:
   • Visitors to your flock.
   • Movements of poultry, eggs, and feed.

Non-compliance can result in fines of up to £5,000. Severe breaches can lead to unlimited penalties. In extreme cases, there could be enforced flock destruction.

If you haven’t already, you need to register your flock with the APHA. This is a legal requirement.

Mandatory Biosecurity Measures

To comply with DEFRA bird flu rules and protect your flock, the following measures are required:

1. Cleanliness:
   • Disinfect boots, tools, and any equipment before and after entering poultry areas.
   • Use DEFRA-approved disinfectants like Virkon S or FAM 30.
2. Restrict Contact:
   • Prevent wild birds from accessing feed, water, and bedding.
   • Limit visitors and maintain a visitor log.
   • Limit who enters the chicken run and coop.
3. Housing and Netting:
   • Birds must remain indoors or in netted enclosures.
   • Feeders and waterers should be kept under covered areas to reduce contamination.
4. Hygiene Practices:
   • Wash hands before and after handling birds.
   • Use dedicated clothing and footwear for poultry areas.

For more information, refer to DEFRA’s Biosecurity Advice.

Practical Tips for Small Flock Keepers

1. Create a Biosecurity Checklist:
   • A daily checklist for disinfecting boots, tools, and monitoring flock health can keep biosecurity consistent.
2. Prepare for Emergencies:
   • Set up a quarantine area for sick birds and keep essential supplies like disinfectants, gloves, and bags on hand.
3. Wildlife Deterrence:
   • Use reflective tape, scare devices, or secure netting to keep wild birds away.
   • Store feed securely in sealed containers.
4. Communicate with Others:
   • If you’re on an allotment or near other keepers, share updates and ensure everyone follows similar biosecurity measures.
5. Routine Cleaning:
   • Maintain a daily or weekly cleaning schedule for coops, equipment, and feeding stations.

Signs and Symptoms of Bird Flu

Watch for these signs of bird flu in your flock:

• Sudden, unexplained deaths.
• Swollen heads, eyes, or wattles.
• Respiratory issues (sneezing, coughing, or gasping).
• Blue discolouration of combs or wattles.
• Lethargy, reduced movement, or appetite.
• Drop in egg production.
• Diarrhoea.

If a bird dies unexpectedly, even without obvious signs of illness:

• Wear gloves and handle the carcass carefully.
• Securely bag the carcass and contact your vet or APHA for advice.
• Do not bury or burn the carcass to avoid virus spread.

When and Who to Contact for Help

If you suspect avian influenza, take immediate action:

• Contact APHA: Call the Defra Rural Services Helpline at 03000 200 301.
• Consult Your Vet: They can assist with diagnosis and guidance.

Summary

Understanding and following biosecurity measures in a Protection Zone is crucial to protecting your flock. By staying informed, compliant, and proactive, you can significantly reduce the risk of avian influenza spreading to your birds.

For the latest information, always refer to GOV.UK – Avian Influenza.

Stay vigilant, keep your flock safe, and don’t hesitate to seek support when needed.